International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development

New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) represent a rapidly evolving group of synthetic compounds designed to mimic the effects of traditional illicit drugs while avoiding legal restrictions. The emergence of NPS has created significant challenges for forensic toxicologists due to their structural diversity, rapid market turnover, limited pharmacological data, and analytical detection difficulties. This research paper examines the toxicological evaluation of NPS and explores the major challenges encountered in forensic analysis. The study reviews current analytical methodologies, toxicological effects, forensic implications, and future directions for improving NPS identification and risk assessment. Advanced analytical techniques such as Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) are highlighted as essential tools in forensic investigations. The paper concludes that continuous technological advancements, international collaboration, and comprehensive toxicological databases are necessary to address the growing threat posed by NPS..

Rishi Kumar,"Toxicological Evaluation of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS): Challenges in Forensic Analysis" International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, V9(3): Page(2675-2679) May-June 2026. ISSN: 2581-7175. www.ijsred.com. Published by Scientific and Academic Research Publishing.