International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development

Arthritis comprises a spectrum of chronic musculoskeletal disorders marked by joint inflammation, pain, stiffness, cartilage breakdown, and gradual loss of function. Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are the most common and disabling forms among more than 100 arthritic conditions. Globally, musculoskeletal disorders affect nearly 1.7 billion people, with RA accounting for approximately 0.5–1% of the population, while OA is a major contributor to disability. In India, arthritis affects an estimated 22–39 million individuals, reflecting a substantial public health challenge. Arthritis pathogenesis is complex and involves immune dysregulation, overproduction of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK/STAT pathways, degradation of cartilage matrix, and abnormal bone remodeling. Although current treatments such as NSAIDs, corticosteroids, DMARDs, and biologics offer symptomatic relief, their long-term use is limited by adverse effects and high costs. Plant-derived bioactive compounds have gained attention for their multi-target anti-arthritic actions. Phytochemicals including flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenoids, saponins, and sterols effectively modulate inflammation, oxidative stress, cartilage protection, and immune responses. This review highlights their therapeutic potential as safer strategies for arthritis management.

Utkarsha Shinde, Dr. Smt. T. A. Patwegar,"Different Chemical Constituents and Their MultiTarget Mechanisms of Action in Arthritis Management" International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, V9(3): Page(2295-2300) May-June 2026. ISSN: 2581-7175. www.ijsred.com. Published by Scientific and Academic Research Publishing.