International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development

Lightweight concrete has emerged as an important construction material in response to the increasing demand for structurally efficient, environmentally sustainable, and energy-efficient building systems. The high self-weight of conventional concrete contributes significantly to increased member dimensions, foundation costs, and seismic forces, particularly in high-rise and long-span structures. Lightweight concrete offers an effective solution by reducing structural mass while maintaining adequate mechanical performance and durability. This review presents a comprehensive evaluation of the materials, properties, performance, and applications of lightweight concrete for sustainable structural systems. Lightweight concrete is broadly classified into lightweight aggregate concrete, foamed and aerated concrete, and nofines concrete, depending on the production method and density range. These systems utilize natural and artificial lightweight aggregates, controlled air voids, or porous structures to achieve reduced density and enhanced thermal insulation. The present review critically examines previous studies focusing on density classification, compressive strength development, workability behavior, durability characteristics, and structural performance. Particular emphasis is placed on the influence of aggregate properties, supplementary cementitious materials, pre-treatment methods, and curing practices on mechanical strength and long-term serviceability. The reviewed literature indicates that structural lightweight concrete with densities ranging from 1400 to 1800 kg/m³ can consistently achieve compressive strengths between 25 and 45 MPa, accompanied by satisfactory stiffness and crack control when appropriately designed. Although higher water absorption and permeability are commonly associated with lightweight aggregates, these limitations can be effectively mitigated through optimized mix proportioning, incorporation of mineral admixtures, and proper moisture conditioning. Furthermore, lightweight concrete exhibits superior thermal and acoustic insulation properties, contributing to improved building energy efficiency and occupant comfort. Overall, the findings demonstrate that lightweight concrete can successfully combine reduced dead load, adequate structural strength, and enhanced environmental performance. However, achieving reliable performance requires careful control of material selection, mix design, production procedures, and quality assurance. The study highlights the need for region-specific optimization, long-term durability assessment, and performance-based design approaches to support the wider adoption of lightweight concrete in sustainable infrastructure development.

Ashish Kumar, Devinder Sharma, Chetan Kumar,"A Review Study on Lightweight Concrete for Sustainable Structural Applications" International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, V9(2): Page(322-334) Mar-Apr 2026. ISSN: 2581-7175. www.ijsred.com. Published by Scientific and Academic Research Publishing.