International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development

Soil mechanics is an important discipline in geotechnical engineering sciences, especially civil engineering. Soil is a naturally occurring multiphase material composed of solids, water, and air and has complex system of mechanical and hydraulic properties when under loading. Such behavior also accounts for designing safe and affordable foundations, slopes, embankments, as well as the earth retaining systems. This article provides the reader a comprehensive and readily applicable description of the core principles of soil mechanics including phase relationships, effective stress theory, shear strength, consolidation and bearing capacity. It is also supplemented with discussions about unsaturated soil mechanics, numerical modeling on soil dynamics while incorporating new ground improvement techniques. This article incorporates classical theory and fresh approaches, therefore providing a unified reference for scholarly theory and practice for research, teaching and work in a student and expert domain.

Rasha Abdulrazzak Waheeb,"Review Article: Soil Mechanics and Soil in Civil Engineering: Principles, Applications, Scientific Techniques" International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, V9(2): Page(232-234) Mar-Apr 2026. ISSN: 2581-7175. www.ijsred.com. Published by Scientific and Academic Research Publishing.