International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping healthcare by enabling diagnostic precision, personalized treatment planning, and operational efficiency. AI-driven systems—ranging from deep learning models for image interpretation to algorithmic treatment recommendation engines—now influence critical clinical decisions. While these technologies promise significant benefits, they also introduce complex ethical issues that intersect with patient autonomy, data privacy, fairness, safety, and accountability. This article provides a systematic and multidisciplinary review of ethical considerations associated with AI-powered medical diagnostics and treatment systems. We analyze ethical frameworks, identify core dilemmas, and examine regulatory and governance challenges. The review synthesizes literature from the last five years, highlighting tensions between innovation and ethical compliance, and proposes actionable recommendations for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers to navigate this rapidly evolving landscape. The article concludes by outlining future research directions aimed at fostering responsible AI integration in healthcare.Recent developments, including large-scale foundation models trained on multimodal clinical datasets, have accelerated AI deployment across specialties. However, rapid commercialization and integration into hospital infrastructures have outpaced ethical standardization, reinforcing the urgency of structured oversight mechanisms.

Akshaya R, Thanalekshmi S, Shalomi C, Mini,"A Comprehensive Review of Ethical Challenges in AIEnabled Medical Diagnostics and Treatment Systems" International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, V9(2): Page(1230-1233) Mar-Apr 2026. ISSN: 2581-7175. www.ijsred.com. Published by Scientific and Academic Research Publishing.