International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development

Organizations across the world are rethinking how they manage their people, and this shift is equally visible in India. Indian companies are moving beyond routine personnel administration and are adopting HR practices that are more closely linked to business goals, employee motivation, and long-term retention. These developments are further shaped by the need to manage cultural diversity effectively and create more engaged workforces. International research, meanwhile, highlights a different emphasis: the rising importance of innovation, sustainability, and technology-driven practices in shaping modern HRM. Drawing on studies from both Indian and global contexts, this article compares how each perspective interprets the evolving role of HRM. The analysis shows that although priorities differ with India focusing more on engagement and strategic alignment, and international work emphasizing innovation and sustainable HRM both converge on the need for adaptable, people-centric HR systems that meaningfully enhance organizational performance.