International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development

This research examines the transition from traditional participatory platforms such as Gram Sabhas to digital communication tools like WhatsApp group chats in rural India. With increasing smartphone penetration and changing communication behaviour, rural communities now rely on a hybrid communication system that blends face-to-face deliberation with instant digital interaction. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study investigates how these hybrid communication models affect participation, inclusivity, and governance. The results reveal that while WhatsApp enhances speed, access, and engagement—especially among youth and women—the Gram Sabha remains essential for legitimacy, accountability, and final decision-making. The study concludes that hybrid models can strengthen participatory democracy if digital literacy gaps, misinformation, and unequal access are addressed.